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Ana Catarina Ferreira, MSc (ICVS - Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal)
Sagittal overview of the cerebellar cortex connectivity and cytology. The cerebellar cortex receives two main excitatory inputs from the Climbing (CF) and Mossy (MF) fibers. The CF arises from the inferior olive, projecting to Purkinje Cells (PC) dendrites and sending collaterals to the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (DCN). The MF originate from the spinal cord and brainstem nuclei, innervating mainly granule cells and sending collaterals to the DCN. The different neurons found in the cerebellar cortex give rise to three cellular layers. The molecular layer (ML, the outmost layer) comprises the PC dendritic arborization and the Parallel fibers (PF). Basket and stellate cells - ML interneurons - carry inhibitory inputs to the PC, the only cell type found in the PC layer (the middle layer). The granule cells layer (the innermost layer) is packed with granule cells, which projects into the ML, giving rise to the PF, which establish numerous synapses with PC. PC are the sole output of the cerebellar cortex and project their axons to the DCN, embedded deep in a dense layer of white matter.