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Peter Todd, Stephen Todd, Frederic Fol Leymarie, William Latham (Goldsmiths, University of London, U.K.)
Conventional distance matrices show secondary structures as well known contact patterns, such as a group of points near the diagonal for a helix. FoldSynth abstracts these patterns with higher level contact lines representing the secondary structure, for convenient higher level display and editing. Using alternative orientations of these contact lines generates interesting structures not common in proteins. For example, contact lines which begin close to the major diagonal and end further away cause spiral formations to occur. As these spirals expand, several particles may be connected to any given other particle; their shifting in space to accommodate these constraints leads to undulations in the resulting structure, producing forms at times analogous to hyperbolic geometry found widely in nature, from lettuce leaves to coral. In this image, the shape is formed by a single line segment passing through the major diagonal close to one of the ends, causing the larger part of the structure to narrow into a single strand before expanding again into the spiral horn 'nose' to the right hand side.